Description

Preface

I. Radiological Physics
Radiology is an ever-changing field in health care. Since the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen in 1895,

many aspects of image production have improved. Advancement in the use of computers and imag-
ing equipment has led to improvement in the detection of disease processes, more efficient patient

care, and increased occupational safety. Radiological Physics is involved in every aspect of medical
imaging, from image acquisition to display and storage.
Understanding and application of Radiological Physics is essential for the production of quality
medical images using Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography, Interventional Radiology, and
Computed Tomography. Members of the imaging team include the radiologist, the medical physicist,
and the technologist. The imaging team, by working together, provides quality imaging services
while maintaining a high level of patient care.
Associated with most imaging modalities is the issue of radiation exposure for both the patient
and the operators. Technologists must be aware of the radiation dose to the patient and personnel.
One of the most important goals of imaging professionals is to ensure that radiation levels are kept
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (i.e., ALARA principle). Exposure levels to operators and
patients must also meet regulatory and accreditation limits.
II. Review Book Structure

This review book will assist the student technologist with preparation for the registry/licensing exam-
ination. As a review book, it is not intended to cover all Radiological Physics concepts fully, rather,

it is to be used as part of a comprehensive registry preparation plan. Use of this review book will
complement the student’s understanding and application of radiological physics.
This review book is separated in to three units of study. Unit I presents basic concepts in physics,
production/interaction of x-rays, and the x-ray tube. Unit II discusses radiographic detectors, the

computer in imaging, projection radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography. Unit III con-
cludes the review book with radiation dosimetry, image quality, quality control practices, radiation

biology, and protection. Each chapter has 30 questions for content review, and two 100-question
comprehensive examinations are included at the end of this book.

The ARRT examination currently uses traditional radiation units, i.e., R, rad, and rem. The radi-
ation quantities provided herein are generally provided using SI units, with traditional units to follow.

In the text, the term “exposure” is not used, in favor of “Air Kerma.” An Air Kerma of 10 mGy is
taken to be approximately equal to an exposure of 1 R.